What is Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

What is Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is concerned with establishing a specific and managed cause and effect relationship between an organisations actions to survive and grow and its HRM principle and practices. It is also concerned with the mechanism through which people in an organisation gain an understanding of the purpose of the organisation, its goals and strategic objectives. As well as how the organisation related to its external environment in order to achieve these goals and objectives (SHU International MBA, Intro to SHRM unit p. 1) Introduction Human resource management (HRM) can broadly be defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most value asset the people work there, who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives for sustainable competitive advantage. As described by beer et al (1984): Human resource management involves all management decisions and action that affect the relationship between the organization and employees It human resource.1 The different between Strategic Human Resource management (SHRM) and Human Resource Management (HRM) can be seen as the word of Strategy, Strategy, as it has come to be applied in business, is a market-oriented concept it is fundamentally concerned with products and competitive advantage. The different between are integrated as follow: Strategic human resource management is concerned with those decisions which have a major and long -term effect on the employment and development of people in the organisation, and on the relationship which exist between its management and staff. An HR strategy will express the intention of the enterprise about how it should manage its human resources. These intentions provide the basis for plans, development and programmes for managing chance. The aim of SHRM is to ensure that the culture, style and structure of the organization, and the quality, commitment and motivation of its employees, contribute fully to the achievement of Business objective. Main features of strategic human resourse management It has been suggested by Hendry and Pettigrew (1986) that the main features of strategic human resource management are as follows: The use of planning A coherent approach to the design and management of personnel systems based on an employment policy and manpower strategy, often underpinned by a philosophy HRM activates and policies are matched to some explicit business strategy The people of the organisation are seen as a strategy resource for achieving competitive advantage Formation of Strategy To understand how the SHRM can effect the whole organisation, we need to go thought the Organisation Structure and see the how Strategy Management works. The strategic management process is typically broken down into five step: 1. mission and goals 2. environmental analysis 3. strategic formulation 4. strategy implementation 5. strategy evaluation We are not interested for Step 1 and Step 2, because at these two stages, the Strategy is not form yet. It was still in the planning process, after the Strategy had been developed, it will transfer to Step 3- Strategic Formulation. Strategic Formulation involves senior manager evaluating the interaction between strategic factors and making strategic choices that guide managers to meet their organisation goals. Some Strategies are formulated at the corporate, business and specific functional levels. Hierarchy of Strategy Another aspect of strategic management in the multidivisional business organization concerns the level to which strategic issues apply. Conventional wisdom identifies different levels of strategy a hierarchy of strategy 1.corporate 2.business 3.functional Its because we are not interested in Corporate-Level strategy Business-level strategy. The deeper explanations will be place in the appendix. Functional-level strategy Functional-level strategy pertains to the major functional operations within the business unit, including research and development, marketing, manufacturing, finance and HR. This strategy level is typically primarily concerned with maximizing resource productivity and addresses the question,  How do we support the business-level competitive strategy? Consistent with this, at the functional level, HRM policies and practices support the business strategy goals. Developing human resource strategies Human resource strategy contributes top the business strategy but is also justified by, the aim should be make it imaginative, innovative, clear and actionable. Its must also be selective, focusing on priorities, and flexible, rapidly adjusting to change. HR strategy should be formulated by s continuous process of analysing what is happening to the business and where it is going. So, we do know why we need SHRM to support organisation strategy, but how can we implement the SHRM to the organisation, and what kind of tools and practice we can use to shaping the organisation strategy in the term of Human Resource Management. The answer for this is fairly easy, we know the Top Level is the Strategy, and the bottom level is the worker on work floor. The linkage between these is a linkage mechanism, which general identify as Manager of that particular department. What is the responsibility of manager? In general, the key of a manager is to keep a good relationship with the employee, without the good relationship, the organisation will unable to run the daily task to achieve what they got to achieve. In other word a manager is trying making out the most from the employee to optimise the company performance. And the follow is what a manager should do for their duties: Ability to Motivate worker recruitment and staffing employee development employee relations Leadership Communication and culture Teamwork Ability to motivate worker Motivation is defined as the willingness to do something conditioned upon the actions ability to satisfy some need for the individual. (Robbins De Cenzo, 2001) Motivation is the key to getting the job done because without it, projects and jobs are completed with no purpose or direction. Moreover rewards and bonuses gained by employees increase their moral as well as benefiting the organization. Appraisal systems for some time have served to prove that the performance of employees is under control or to give the appearance of control Recruitment and Staffing Recruitment and Selection is a well-worn topic, which is treated fully in all major texts. Just remember that there is always a tension between getting the right person for a job and how much resource in terms of time and money is devoted to recruitment. The more accurate the recruitment, the more benefits the organization will achieve. This is because the employee will carry out their tasks more appropriately and will be ideal for the new post and will be able to take responsibilities. The more recruitment in an organization, the higher the overheads and therefore HRM needs to be effectively managing and deciding whether there is a need of recruitment or not. Training and development Training and Development are currently big issues for many businesses in most  parts of the country, especially where there are low rates of unemployment. Moreover, Increase in training and development has increased productivity as well as employees moral. This is beneficial for both, the company and the employees. Although the costs of HRM increase in the short term as training and development is very expensive but at the long term it is very beneficial for an organization as job commitment is reinforced and quality increases to Employee relations Develop and maintain effective employee relations activities and programs which you can use to help create a positive organizational culture. Handle difficult employees with confidence, and learn how to reinforce good behavior as well as discipline, and terminate properly if the need arises. In addition, you will look at ways to get your employees involved and assess their needs and opinions. Leadership The leadership is someone who exercises influence over people. The ability to influence also needs the permission of those to be influenced. The functions of Lead in organization may include Enabling people and group to achieve their objectives Setting and communication objectives. Monitoring performance and giving feedback Administering rewards and punishments Clarifying and solving problems Making decision on behalf of others Represent the group to others Providing information, advice and expertise Communication and culture Communication is very important to a manager, the purpose of the manage is get people connected together, from the top-side of the CEO to the bottom side of the Shop-floor worker, without the communication skill the manager may send the wrong message the audience. Teamwork Teamwork emphasizes the successful of business. As we know there are a lot of task cannot carried out by one people such as decision making, planning and problem solving. Teamwork can speed-up the task to achieve the goal in a efficient way. Factors to implementing change to the organisation After we understand the role of the management, but how cans a manager to implement the strategy to his department, the Keyword is CHANGE. The question is how can a manger to change the behaviour of the worker to ways that will match the organisation goals and strategy. Before the implementation of change, we should make sure the manager had got the capacity to handle the change. And there are three questions to ask the manager. Does he have the right attitude? Does he have the appropriate knowledge? Do we have the necessary skill? Right Attitude for the manager A change agent cannot succeed without great persistence. Change is a complex and laborious process that arouses strong feelings and emotions. Angry people, frustrated teammates, conflicting priorities, unforeseen problems or behind-the-scene resistance pose daily challenges. A project manager cannot lead her team through these minefields without determination and stamina. To avoid mid-course changes in leadership, the person must be fully committed to see the project through completion. A good way to ensure that is to appoint an ambitious individual who presents substantial potential for career advancement within the organization. She will look at the challenge as a terrific career-building opportunity and will be highly motivated to succeed. The benefits will actually extend well beyond the projects time horizon. Indeed, the initiative will provide this high-potential employee with a broader understanding of the business, an extended network of relationships and stronger leadership skills. Appropriate knowledge of what we going to change I am absolute sure that the developer of the strategy do know what is needed to change to meet their target. But the question is the project manager is in a functional- level of the business, he is a subject matter expert in their respective area of responsibility. Are we sure he got a detail understanding of what is going on of the strategy. An expertise of the strategic goal will be needed to assist the functional level to achieve what they should achieve The necessary skills Change is complex subject; it will generate lots of pressure due to the instability and uncertainty. And also the manager has to handle manage conflicting priorities, multiple constituencies and fast-approaching deadline; Responsible for gilding the organisation through the numerous challenge of the transition. Therefore, the project leader must possess the proven ability to remain highly effective under intense fire. Otherwise, the  breakdown will occur when that person is overseeing a critical phase, so the whole project can be failed or delayed. Which is opposing what we trying to do. Step for implementation of Strategy within the Human Resource What is implementation? Implementation means causing changes to occur somewhere in your sphere of influence as a manager. It is impossible to implement any course of action and not have something change as a result. This means that certain things must be disrupted, discontinues, or deferred and new activities must begin. But most important, it means that after you have initiated action, things will be different. The key is in creating exactly the right amount of disruption. The following guide lines should help you to accomplish the implementation of your action plan with the minimum amount of adverse disruption and maximum of success: (Responsible Managers Get results- Gerald Faust 1998) Always implement changes from the top down. Always start with the best first. Set your own example. Remember that you cant motivate people to do something they dont know how to do. Recognize and reward desired performance early. Pace implementation so that the timing is consistent with the needs of your plan. Provide coaching and follow-up consulting, and, above all, be persistent Step 1: Planning the Change Process (These step are coming from article: How to implement organisation change) Like any complex project, change management requires detailed planning. Being responsible for guiding the process, the change facilitation team must see to it that detailed but realistic planning is undertaken in order to minimize divergence from the vision. Step 2: Goal translation The executive goals need to be translating to each level of the organisation in a meaningful, achievable target to each individual person within the organisation. For example: if the executive goal is increase the sales by 15 %, but how can salesman known how much is the percentage increase for a particular product. Therefore the goals must be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Additive, Reasonable and Time-bound). Furthermore the goal must is translate to a understandable language of different level of the organisation. Step 3: Barrier identification and Removal When the goals are clearly understood, we can start identifying the barriers that are preventing the achievement of these goals. The people who actually do the work should identify the barrier. Whenever possible, we must involve these people in implementation decision where these view may be crucial. For that reason, Manager must be able to communicate effectively at all levels and across each function. Resistance of Change Employees resist change because they have to learn something new. In many case there is not a disagreement with the benefits of the new process, but rather a fear of the unknown future and about their ability to adapt to it. de Jager (2001) argues, Most people are reluctant to leave the familiar behind. We are all suspicious about the unfamiliar; we are naturally concerned about how we will get from the old to the new, especially if it involves learning something new and risking failure de Jager (2001) Step 4: System for Managing Once the goals have been translated and barrier have been identify, the next critical step will be to develop a system for managing the organisation. Traditionally it will only be measured. But now it will be much larger. Not only a metrics need to designed, but meeting need to be developed, measure automation needs to be planned and specific accountability need to be determined. As far as the metrics are concerned, they need to report on goal achievement at each organisation level. And the reporting will also translated to its specificity. So if the executive goal is improved effectiveness of 25 % then that is what the metrics needs to report on at that organisation level. Similarly the metric in the finished goods packaging area may be boxed packed per hour and so on. Step 5: Rewards Recognition Rewarding and recognizing employees is essential to any business or organization. Employees like to know that the work they do is noticed and appreciated by their employers. It is important to recognize both the effort put into getting work and projects completed and the result. Recognition is one of the most effective ways to reinforce an organizations culture, support its objectives, and retain top performers. When we remember to take care of these very human needs for recognition and appreciation, we do a great deal to create an energized workplace we need in order to succeed in todays challenging times. Short Example of implementation SHRM to an organisation Age, skills and training ASDA will have a range of employees who have worked for different lengths of time and who have different levels of skills and training. The Human  Resource planner will seek to have a balance of new people entering ASDA in order to cover those who are leaving. The Human Resource Planner will also want to make sure that skill levels are raising within ASDA, and that training programmes are devised to make sure people have the skills to meet ASDAs jobs requirements. If all ASDAs skilled employees are just about to retire, ASDA will have to spend a lot of money on training to build up a new pool of expertise. Succession Succession is the way in which one person follows another person into a particular job or role within ASDA. ASDA need to make sure it is grooming people to take on the responsibility required. If ASDA do not do this, it will suddenly find itself with a vacuum where it has not developed the people to move into the appropriate position of responsibility, and ASDA will be missing the right people in key position to hold ASDA together. Learning organisation Toyota is a classics which using a life-long learning opportunity. They understand the current worker may not be able to catch-up with the current technology. Therefore they have introduce a Paid-leave learning period for those who want to going back to study Operating as a learning organization and affording all our employees lifelong learning opportunities and equipping them with the skills and abilities to cope with and develop in an environment of constant change. Conclusion: Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is a broadness area. Meaning range from a human resource system that is tailored to the demands of the business strategy to the pattern of planned human resource activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals. Where in the first definition human resource management is a reactive management field in which human  resource management becomes a tool to implement strategy, in the latter definition it has a proactive function in which human resource activities actually create and shape the business strategy. As Strategy is equal to change, so, SHRM will be change as the changing environment. But one thing can be sure is- SHRM is a managing tool of Human factor which will assist the organization to achieve their goals, and it will controlling all the human factor, and getting the most from them, to optimize the efficiency and gain competitiveness of the organization. Reference: 1. Human Resource Management Strategy Action Michael Armstrong 2. Strategic human resource management John Bratton 3. http://adtimes.nstp.com.my/jobstory/jan20a.htm The art of people management 4. http://www.newfoundations.com/OrgTheory/Bolognese721.html- Employee Resistance to Organizational Change 5. http://www.changemanagementgroup.com/orgdevel.phtml Organizational Development and Team Building 6. Responsible Managers Get results- Gerald Faust 1998 7. Strategic human resource management, performance, alightment, management by David Baker 8. Taking a Strategic Approach to Human Resource Management by Roy Massey 9. What is human resources strategy by Mark A. Thomas 10. http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/Implement_change_manageme

Marketing :: essays research papers

A very important factor in the success of a company is the marketing strategies and the marketing personnel that is being used on a daily basis. As the marketplace evolves ever more rapidly, marketers struggle to keep pace. In our marketing department we have started to concentrate more on the issues that have been failing in the past years for us by adjusting our traditional stratagems—redesigning market segmentations, building stronger brands, and hiring new and better marketing managers—are very necessary. Unless these solutions can be mobilized rapidly, we could find ourselves overtaken by our competitors, for a fundamentally different way of organizing companies to exploit opportunity seems to be emerging among many of our growth leaders. You might call us venture-marketing organizations, since like venture capitalists we are quick to spot new possibilities, to allocate resources to the best ones, and to cut our losses as we go. We have decided to turn our marketi ng department around and make it become our most important key factor for our business. Marketing to new customers and to our existing customers is going to be our deepest concentration for the moment. We have decided to concentrate on marketing the quality of our products and the benefits of wearing our materials during their workouts or performing events. Our groups realized that to outpace the market consistently, we must not only create fluid organizational structures but also provide for unyielding rigor in measurement and decision making. As a result, we will enjoy revenue growth rates that on average are one and a half times those of the competition. When traditional marketers think of organization, they mean structure: distinct product, channel, and customer groups focusing on specific functional tasks, such as brand management, customer segment management, and market research. Our functional managers will play the pivotal roles in these functionally focused groups, which are responsible for generating ideas and taking them to market. But the traditional approach hinders the fluidity required to keep pace with the market’s evolution. For when market priorities change, traditionalists take a "wreck and rebuild" approach that consumes the precious time of top executives, disrupts action on the front lines, and, worst of all, often fails to yield the intended results. Our new-style marketing groups will understand that formal structures can’t drive value in fast-moving environments. To make organizations keep pace with the market, these groups rely not on periodic restructurings but on a continual process of evolution.

The Bronte Sisters

Three children sit in a circle playing with wooden toy soldiers. The world these children play in is not Earth, but worlds of their own creating. The children in this circle will grow up to be some of the best eighteenth century writers. It is no surprise that as a child Emily Bronte and her siblings had active imaginations. They created the worlds of Gondal, Emily and Anne’s creation; and Angria, Charlotte’s creation (White 12). The world does not know much about Emily Bronte except what can be concluded from Charlotte Bronte’s autobiography (Winnitrith 111).She was born July 30, 1818 in Yorkshire, England. At the young age of thirty, Emily developed tuberculosis and died on December 19, 1848 (Magill 56). Her potential had yet to be reached. C. D. Merriman from The Literature Network said, â€Å"Many early works from her past were lost – only 3 personal letters exist from her possessions. † Emily was influenced by many people including her mother a nd father. Her father, Reverend Patrick Bronte, was a school teacher (Magill 56). Patrick Bronte had a humble beginning; he went to Cambridge University and worked in order to pay for his stay.Her father was looked down upon for being middle class in a high-class school. Emily’s stories feature a strong value of education and deal with injustices of society, which is believed to have originated from her father’s troubles. (White 8) â€Å"Emily’s mother, Maria Bronte died from internal cancer when Emily was only three,† according to The Victorian Web (Allingham). Kathryn White said, â€Å"The Bronte children felt the loss of their mother keenly, for though they never really remembered her.Her absence in their lives is reflected in the number of orphaned and motherless children who were featured in their early writings and novels. †(21) Despite the fact Emily never knew her mother; she characterized Catherine Earnshaw as having a similar sentiment ab out being more attached to the earth than to Heaven. (White 19). In November 1824, Patrick Bronte felt that his daughters needed a proper education so he sent his girls to Clergy’s Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge. This school was rigid, had poor hygiene, and lack of a good diet.He withdrew his girls after Maria and Elizabeth died from inadequate care. Although Emily had a poor experience at school, education became an escape route in many of Emily’s writings (White 5-25). Emily, Charlotte, Anne, and Branwell grew up in Haworth. They didn’t have many neighbors so they had to be content playing with each other and the wooden soldiers their father brought back from a trip (Magill 56). Charlotte and her brother, Branwell created the world of Angria. Emily and Anne Bronte created the world of Gondal.Traces of Gondal have been found throughout Emily’s poems (White 6-34). Philip Allingham reports that Emily’s favorite activities were reading and playing the piano. The Victorian Web states her favorite authors were: Shakespeare, Homer, Virgil, and Aesop. As Emily grew up she worked as a governess in Halifax, Yorkshire. She intensely disliked the experience. She planned with Anne and Charlotte to begin a school for themselves. This dream was never realized because the girls became involved in writing.Barring the fact that Emily Bronte was a private author, her sister Charlotte convinced her to join her and Anne to make a book of poems. Together they made Poems by Currer Ellis and Acton in 1846 (White 38). As an editor, C. W. Hatfield went through Emily’s poems trying to interpret them. The problems arise when trying to figure out the differences between her subjective statements. In addition, the authorship and date is uncertain as well (Winnitrith 33). Poems by Currer Ellise and Acton didn’t get much press, but got two favorable reviews from Athenaeum and Dublin University Magazine (Wilks 111).Philip Allingham writes, â€Å"Emily and her sisters took over pseudonyms to hide their gender because of the many prejudices against women authors. The failure of their poems did not dishearten the girls; it made them write even more which lead Emily to write her best novel, Wuthering Heights. † It is assumed the Wuthering Heights was written in 1846 because of the absence of poetry Emily wrote, yet the length of the novel suggests she started writing even earlier than that.The information that we have about the composition of Wuthering Heights is up to debate because it is in Charlotte’s interpretation and she could have been sensitive about Emily’s choice to go on her own (Winnitrith 47). After the publication of Wuthering Heights in 1847 the public thought it was mimicry of Charlotte’s work. The public was intensely disturbed by the contents and Emily was a cipher to the public (Magill 56-59). â€Å"Emily’s brother, Branwell went through depression and many al cohol induced rages.As a result, he died in 1848, and at his funeral Emily caught a cold and developed tuberculosis,† as said by C. D. Merriman from The Literature Network. Emily did not receive professional care and refused to stay in bed to get well. She died at Haworth in December 19, 1848 (White 75). When Emily Bronte was young she played with toy soldiers in the world named Gondal with her siblings. Today she is known as one of the famed Bronte sisters that created desolate Wuthering Heights. Though much is unknown about her, we can try to uncover the mysteries through her writings.

The Armed Forces Special Powers Act Essay - 700 Words

Introduction and Background of AFSPA The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) is an act to give power to armed forces to deal effectively in â€Å"disturbed areas†. The region declare Disturbed area by home ministry and governor of the particular state on the certain basics 1. Terrorist acts aimed at overthrowing the government, striking terror in the people, or affecting the harmony of different sections of the people, 2. Activities which disrupt the sovereignty of India, or cause insult to the national flag, anthem or India’s Constitution. Any area which is declared disturbed under disturbed areas act enables armed forces to resort to the provisions of AFSPA. In disturbed areas any commissioned officer or another person of equivalent rank can use force for a variety of reasons while still being immune to the prosecution. The Armed Forces Special Power Act (Assam and Manipur) was passed on 11 September 1958 by the parliament of India to give special legal safety to the armed forces to doing continuous operations in the disturbed areas of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (seven sisters). Later 6 October 1983 again the Armed Forces Special Powers ordinance passed by parliament for Punjab and Chandigarh. However, in 1990 the Armed Force Special Powers Act was enacted for Jammu and Kashmir. At present AFSPA is implemented inNagaland, Assam, Manipur (except the Imphal municipal area), Arunachal Pradesh (Tirap, Changlang and LongdingShow MoreRelatedArmed Forces Special Powers Act in India8058 Words   |  33 PagesARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958 SOCIOLOGY COURSE CODE: SS1103 COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Dr. ANJANA HAZARIKA GROUP: B * ATUL DIWAKAR * JOANNA BARRETTO * SIDDHARTH AGARWAL * SAUMYA PRAKASH ------------------------------------------------- INDEX 1. 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The Social Life Of Megan Meier - 1533 Words

CHAPTER I Introduction Megan Meier was a regular teenager who enjoyed all types of leisure activities, such as fishing with her father, playing volleyball, watching horror films, including helping her friends out and playing with her dog. Unfortunately, society has pressured woman regarding body standards and their desperation of trying to look â€Å"less fat†. Thus, Megan had weight issues and this slowly caused her depression and her self-esteem dropped drastically. Her parents relocated her to a private school when she was in eighth grade, which was a significant good decision for them as she started to feel more confident in her skin. At the age of fourteen, Megan requested to her parents a MySpace account. Her parents granted her request, along with several restrictions for her such as approving her page content, letting them know her password, being present in her room while she was online, and setting her profile to private. Moreover, Megan slowly started to develop an online social life. This was very common in the teenage era. In September 2006, Megan received an unusual request from a stranger. His name was Josh Evans. By looking at his profile, it seemed that he was an attractive, decent-looking, young boy with no intended harm. Her mom, Tina, wasn’t sure about this, but following with some unwillingness uncertainty, she granted Megan permission to accept Josh’s request. Furthermore, Megan’s relationship with Josh made her attitude change from dull and grey toShow MoreRelatedTelevisions Effect On Society1475 Words   |  6 Pagesconsider to be fundamental. Voters and officials alike must pay attention to the media. Television has significant effect on our general public. It has changed the ways of life of the general population and has turned into a noteworthy impact in our way of life. Not at all like printing, which took many years to impact the way of life, TV s effect was practically quick. Television has involved an imperative position in homes and therefore, it is certain to have an effect on the people and the generalRead MoreCyber Bullying Essay example1112 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking has taken bullying to the extreme. Before advanced technology, children and teenagers were troubled by school bullies. Today, they are targeted by bullies via internet. Most people undergo some form of bullying in life. Growing up, I experienced the typical name calling and spiteful comments. I also dealt with minor cases of virtual bullies. These bullies are known as cyber bullies. I find this topic compelling because it’s a matter that has spiraled out of control. â€Å"Cyber bullyingRead MoreArgumentative Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Argumentative Essay Braden Rawson Social Networking or the use of specific websites or applications to interact with other users is one of the many key and driving factors today in our world. We find ourselves lost for many minutes or possibly hours at a time on any particular app or website. Looking deeper into the issue of social networking and its impact on our life, I highly doubt we have accomplished anything at all. A very smart man once said, â€Å"Time is money.† If that quote is true do weRead MoreNegative Effects Of Cyber Bullying1528 Words   |  7 PagesBullying in America Today|NoBullying|, 2015). What do you think a preteen is going to do when there is no supervision while online? They are going to test their limits, go on sites they shouldn’t and that leads to going to chats, Facebook or any other social media sites, and maybe one day a particular student got into an argument with a classmate, see that they are also online and gets angry and starts saying mean things, then it escalates, and who knows where it ends, above all parents need to monitorRead MoreBullying Awareness Programs Should Be Beneficial1148 Words   |  5 Pagesfacing the ordeal of bullying. For example, a girl named Megan Taylor Meier who was an American teenager from Dardenne Prairie, Missouri committed suicide by hanging herself three weeks before her 14th birthday on October 17, 2006. One year after her death, Megan’s parents started an investigation and learned that their daughters’ suicide attributed due to cyber bullying through the social networking site MySpace. Megan had been under the care of a psychiatrist since the third grade, andRead MoreEssay on The Growing Epidemic of Cyberbullying1121 Words   |  5 Pageshas gotten so dangerous that children have killed each other and/or committed suicide after having been involved in a cyber bullying incident. Little attention and support from school authorities, more access to computers, and the latest cool thing (social networks) are all factors that have contributed to the rising of cyber-bullying practices. Cyber bullying is when a preteen or teen is harassed, threatened, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise molested by another child with the useRead MoreTaking a Look at Bullying676 Words   |  3 Pagessomeone raise their confidence, the victim is helpless and insecure so this problem needs to be stopped as a result, the possible victims can feel safe and protected out in the public. Bullies can come in all different sizes and shapes, having a hard life at home can be a reason why bullies bully other reasons can be because they just like to pick on people. A bully can result from being raised in a family that does not have any morals or any structures. Spanking, hitting, shoving and other forms ofRead MoreBullies Need a Harsher Punishment1538 Words   |  7 Pageswere ignored. Teen Suicide Cases Phoebe Prince was not just an immigrant girl; she was a beautiful 15-year-old girl who moved to South Hadley, M.A. from a small village in western Ireland. Like many teenage girls driven by a technological social life, Phoebe created a profile on a popular networking site. Unbeknownst to her, trying to fit in would ultimately rear its ugly head. As a freshman, she dated Sean Mulveyhill, but after their breakup, he and four other persons began to harass PhoebeRead MoreCyberbullying: an Issue Beyond Adolescence Essay4085 Words   |  17 Pagesas describe several case studies that reflect the results of being victimized. These studies are represented by research conducted by accredited sources. Within this research paper, we will talk about the life of four young adolescents who were taunted, bullied, humiliated, and harassed via social media and the decisions they made. This research paper discusses that cyberbullying is a problem beyond childhood and adolescence and will provide possible solutions taking into account that although thereRead MoreTaking a Look at Cyberbullying1105 Words   |  4 PagesIn May 2013, Gabrielle Molina, a 12 year old excellent and outwardly positive student, took her life after being called a â€Å"slut† and a â€Å"whore† online. Throughout the use of social media, teens are potentially susceptible to become victims of cyber-bullying, and the drama that rises from it could work as a catalyst in the development of psychological traumas. To help the prevention of bullying, parents and schools must work hand in hand in this issue by incorporating anti-bullying education in their

Effective Gene Delivery And Its Effects On Hiv - 987 Words

There has been countless number of efforts to develop an effective gene transfer approach to treat HIV-1 infections globally. Many transgenes have been identified to inhibit in vitro HIV-1 infections. As drug resistant HIV-1 is increasingly common even with patients receiving HAART, designing drug treatment methods have been challenging. Therefore, investigation into new therapeutic approaches should continue. Gene delivery plays an important supporting role developing potential therapies directed towards HIV-1 infections. The goals of the anti-HIV-1 gene therapy are to deliver transgenes to directly susceptible cells, Immunize against HIV-1 antigens, inhibit HIV-1 proliferation in target organs, and deliver to Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Delivering transgenes to susceptible cells will make them resistant to HIV-1 infections and inhibit viral replication. When CCR5 a major coreceptor for HIV was disrupted in the â€Å"Berlin Patient† led to the revival of gene therapy . The naturally occurring CCR5-Δ32 mutation that results in a frameshift mutation dislocates the CCR5 expression on the cell surface. The â€Å"Berlin patient† who was HIV+ patient with lymphoma was transplanted with bone marrow from a donor with CCR5-Δ32 mutation and became ‘cured’ of HIV. But as only a small general population with CCR5-Δ32 mutation can be identified alternative methods must be identified for gene therapy. Though gene therapies for HIV-1 infections have been challenging recent work must beShow MoreRelatedThat Target The Gene Codes For A Protein Found On The Surface Of White Blood Cells1671 Words   |  7 PagesZFNs that Target the Gene CCR5 The CCR5 gene codes for a protein found on the surface of white blood cells that acts as a receptor for chemokines. The HIV virus, strain R5-tropic virus, initially uses the CCR5 chemokine receptor to attach to the CD4+ helper T-cells. The Berlin patient showed how a CCR5-negative hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells (HSC) from a CCR5 ∆ 32 donor can be used to generate HIV-1 resistant CD4+ helper T-cells.3 Mice models using in vivo studies have also shown ZFNs to beRead MoreUseful Medicinal Compounds Derived from Animals632 Words   |  3 Pagesimmune system can recognize. Finally, immune response will be triggered. Tumor cell can be killed by B-cell or Phagocyte. Over a hundred years ago, target drug idea has been proposed. If a drug can be delivery to the target site precisely, the adverse effect of the drug can be minimized. â€Å"Delivery the drug to the target site† became a challenge the scientist. In the 1970s, B-cell has been discovered and played essential role (Biotech Resources, 1995-7). Anyways, as the technology, antibody cannotRead MoreFoamy Virus Case Study1329 Words   |  6 Pages2017) The foamy viral primer, central polypurine tract(cPPT) produced gap in double stranded viral DNA of 144 to 731 bp. The 3 and 5’ terminus of the cleavage is located between 6272-6274 bp and 465 bp range respectively. Mutation of fourth cPPT and HIV-1 virus resulted in a substantial attenuation of foamy virion indicates the indispensability of cPPT for viral DNA synthesis. (Chen et al., 2017) Cytotoxicity and multiple transduction rounds of current viral vectors necessitate the foamy virus vectorRead MoreThe Usefulness Of Viral Vectors1223 Words   |  5 PagesVoltage-gated sodium channels initiate the development action potentials in neurons; mutations of genes encoding these channels are responsible for genetic epilepsy syndromes with varying degrees of severity1. Dravet syndrome, or severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is a complex and severe form of childhood epilepsy, caused by a nonsense mutation in the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1a) gene. Severe loss of function mutation in Nav1.1 causes SMEI, which involves intractable epilepsyRead MoreNanoparticles : HIV And The Human Immunodeficiency Virus1085 Words   |  5 Pagesin targeted drug delivery while minimizing toxicity. Gold is used as the basis for nanoparticles because it has a relatively high stability of ligand binding along with its decreased stability with other cells. Gold nan oparticles (AuNPs) also have a high concentration of glutathione, which is an antioxidant that prevents damage to cells from things like free radicals and peroxides. We are using AuNPs to carry drugs to cells infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a virus in theRead MoreGene Silencing : Current Approaches And Relevance For Drug Discovery2632 Words   |  11 PagesTITLE: Gene Silencing – Current Approaches and Relevance for Drug Discovery NEW TITLE: OUTLINE: Abstract Gene silencing is an evolving field that holds great promise for personalized drug discovery. The ability to interfere with mutated genes gives rise to the possibility of shutting down disease causing mechanisms and the advent of personalized drugs for specific diseases. The prospect of easily silencing genes in the lab for functional genomic studies has not fully crossed over into theRead MoreGlucagon Like Peptide-1 Essay791 Words   |  4 Pageseating. GLP-1 has many beneficial effects in diabetes including (but not limited to) activation of somatostatin secretion from delta cells, inhibition of glucagon release from alpha cells, reduced gastric emptying, and food intake resulting in weight loss in the long run. Unfortunately, the incretin response to glucose is reduced in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) accompanied by a moderate degree of GLP-1 hypo-secretion. To compensate the reduced incretin effect, we generated an HIV-based lentiviral vector to deliverRead MoreGene Therapy And Its Effects1619 Words   |  7 Pagespatients are treated. Recently, gene therapy has been propelled into the spotlight with the most recent successful clinical trial in which scientists reprogrammed ordinary cardiac cells in pigs to mirror the function of the sinoatrial node, thereby inducing a steady heartbeat. In the last few decades since its inception, gene therapy has rapidly advanced; there have been remarkable strides in its methods and an increase in the range of targetable diseases. Gene therapy is the modification of theRead MoreCase Study : Rna Interference : What Advances Have Been Made From The Last Decade?1435 Words   |  6 Pages................................................................ 8 Delivery ...................................................................................................................................................................8 Stability ...................................................................................................................................................................9 Off-Target Effect...................................................................Read MoreEssay about Priotities of Gene Therapy2802 Words   |  12 PagesPriotities of Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a relatively new area of medicine that attempts to apply recent advances in molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology to the treatment of human diseases. Gene therapy uses a set of approaches to the treatment of human disease based on the transfer of genetic material (DNA) into an individual. Gene delivery can be achieved either by direct administration of gene-containing viruses or DNA to blood or tissues, or indirectly through the introduction

Taxation Law Transactions Incurred by Mandy Morris†Free Samples

Question: What are the Australian tax consequences of these transactions for Mandy Morris,Explain and justify your answer relevant case laws? Answer: The following case study is based on the determination of tax consequences of transactions incurred by Mandy Morris. An individual leasing the commercial premises to others must include the full amount of rental income derived from such leasing in their income tax return. As evident from the existing situation, Mandy had derived rental income of $10,000 from the commercial leasing of her Australian home. The second point to be considered in context of rental income states that ordinarily where the taxpayer grants the property on lease or license it whether wholly or partially, the amount derived in the form of rent by Mandy will be considered in the assessable income (Barkoczy 2016). Referring to the illustrations made under FCT v Kowal, 84 ATC 4001, the money derived by Mandy will be regarded as assessable income. Dividends that are paid to the shareholders by the Australian resident companies are held for taxation under the system that is known as imputation (Woellner et al. 2013). Mandy had borrowed from the Westpac Bank to purchase shares in Worldwide Australia Ltd and received $2,500 fully franked distribution, which is subjected to tax under the imputation system. Therefore, Mandy had received dividends from the Australian resident company and it will tax under the imputation system. An individual can claim deduction upon the interest that is charged on money borrowed to purchase shares. Mandy can claim a deduction on interest charged by the bank on money that is borrowed from the Westpac to purchase shares. References Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2013.Australian Taxation Law Select: legislation and commentary. CCH Australia.